A psychodynamic approach to obsessive–compulsive disorder
(Доступные языки: EN)
Аннотация
[EN]
Psychodynamic theories of obsessive–compulsive personality emphasize the significance of early experiences, the anal stage of development, and internalized objects that shape later patterns of control, perfectionism, and rigidity. Within Integrative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (the OLI method), the capacity for work and the capacity for love are understood through the lens of early relationships and the ways in which authority figures and significant objects mirrored the child. Obsessive–compulsive patterns are thus conceptualized not merely as symptoms, but as a personality organization that serves to defend the Self against anxiety, a persecutory superego, and repressed impulses. Particular importance in the treatment of these clients is given to the analysis of transference, as through transference the therapist becomes a superego figure, a mother, a father, or a shadow, thereby enabling the repetition and working-through of early conflicts. In this way, rigid patterns of control and perfectionism are deconstructed, and their underlying meanings become accessible. Transference thus represents the primary field in which the client learns to recognize and integrate repressed affects, to develop a greater tolerance for ambivalence, and to gradually move from rigid control toward a more flexible and vital relationship with the self and with others. In this paper, we illustrate how anal rigidity manifests in the domains of work and relationships within the therapeutic process, how it is linked to family figures (mother, father, sister, grandparents), and how it can be illuminated and transformed through transference and countertransference. In this way, the psychodynamic approach to obsessive–compulsive disorder transcends a purely symptomatic perspective and opens space for deeper personality change, through the integration of the superego, the shadow, and a more whole experience of objects.
Ключевые слова: obsessive–compulsive disorder, anal stage, superego, transference, object constancy, OLI method